DevOps Interview Q & A for Beginners (Level 1)

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#1. Which provider configuration syntax is correct in Terraform?

provider "aws" { region = "us-west-2" }

aws_provider { region = "us-west-2" }

aws { region = "us-west-2" }

provider aws { region = "us-west-2" }

Explanation: Provider blocks define configurations for Terraform providers.

#2. How can you reduce the size of a Docker image during the build process?

Use a lightweight base image

Use multiple RUN commands for each package installation

Include development dependencies in the image

Use the ADD directive instead of COPY

Explanation: Lightweight base images like alpine reduce the overall image size.

#3. What is the primary purpose of a Kubernetes Ingress?

To handle internal pod communication

To provide external HTTP and HTTPS routing to services

To allocate persistent storage to pods

To monitor pod health

Explanation: Ingress manages HTTP and HTTPS traffic routing to Kubernetes services.

#4. Which Docker command would you use to view all running and stopped containers on a host?

docker ps

docker ps -a

docker container list

docker inspect

Explanation: The -a flag shows all containers, including stopped ones.

#5. You notice a pod in the CrashLoopBackOff state. What should you check first?

Logs of the failed pod

Node status

Kubernetes API server logs

Network policies

Explanation: Pod logs often provide the root cause of the failure.

#6. Which Terraform command is used to apply changes to infrastructure?

terraform init

terraform plan

terraform apply

terraform validate

Explanation: terraform apply applies the planned changes to the infrastructure.

#7. How do you define a reusable module in Terraform?

Use a .module file

Organize resources in a directory and reference it in module blocks

Write a custom provider

Use a terraform block

Explanation: Modules are created by grouping Terraform configuration files into directories.

#8. Which of the following best describes continuous integration?

The practice of merging all developers' working copies to a shared mainline several times a day

The practice of deploying code to production automatically

The practice of testing code only once before deployment

The practice of using virtual machines in development

Explanation: Continuous integration involves frequent integration of code changes into a shared repository, allowing for early detection of integration issues.

#9. What is the role of Kubernetes in a DevOps environment?

Version control

Continuous integration

Container orchestration

Code review

Explanation: Kubernetes is a container orchestration platform that automates the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.

#10. You encounter an issue where a container cannot connect to an external API. What should you check first?

The container’s DNS configuration

The CMD directive in the Dockerfile

The container’s CPU allocation

The container’s image version

Explanation: Networking issues, including DNS, often cause connectivity problems.

#11. What is the primary benefit of using version control systems like Git in DevOps?

To run tests on the code

To automate deployments

To track and manage changes in code

To manage cloud resources

Explanation: Version control systems help track and manage code changes, facilitating collaboration and improving code quality.

#12. What happens if a resource is removed from the Terraform configuration?

It is ignored during the next apply

It is deleted during the next apply

It generates an error during plan

Terraform will prompt you to confirm the deletion

Explanation: Terraform manages the lifecycle of resources defined in its configuration.

#13. What is the purpose of using Docker in a DevOps environment?

To create virtual machines

To provide a platform for building, shipping, and running applications in containers

To manage source code versions

To automate manual testing

Explanation: Docker is used to containerize applications, ensuring consistency across different environments.

#14. What does the terraform refresh command do?

Updates state file to match real-world resources

Resets the Terraform configuration

Deletes unused resources

Updates the provider plugin

Explanation: terraform refresh syncs the state file with actual resource statuses.

#15. Which Kubernetes object should you use to maintain a specified number of pod replicas running?

Deployment

StatefulSet

DaemonSet

ReplicaSet

Explanation: ReplicaSet ensures a specified number of pod replicas. Deployments use ReplicaSets under the hood.

Finish